| United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2008 (2008) |
| United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
World Economic Situation and Prospects: On the Global Financial and Economic Crisis (2005-2009) |
| Bank for International Settlements (BIS) |
73rd Annual Report 2002/03: An Overview |
| Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) |
U.S. International Transactions |
| European Investment Bank |
Annual Economic Report on Partner Countries (July, 2006) |
| European Investment Bank |
Annual Economic Report on Partner Countries (July, 2008) |
| Export Finance and Insurance Corporation (EFIC) |
Export Finance and Insurance Corporation (EFIC) World Risk Developments (March, 2009) |
| Finnvera (Finland) |
Country Classification & Map |
| IMF |
Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board |
| IMF |
Exiting from Crisis Intervention Policies (February 4, 2010) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (September, 2003) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (December, 2002) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (April, 2005) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (September, 2006) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (April, 2006) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (June, 2002) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (April, 2004) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (September, 2002) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (March, 2002) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (March, 2003) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (September, 2004) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 2 (September, 2005) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (September, 2005) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (September, 2003) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (December, 2002) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (March, 2003) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (April, 2004) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (September, 2004) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (April, 2005) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (September, 2002) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 (June, 2002) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Chapter 4 and 5 (March, 2002) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Containing Systemic Risks and Restoring Financial Soundness (April, 2008) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Financial Market Turbulence: Causes, Consequences, and Policies (October, 2007) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Financial Stress and Deleveraging Macro-Financial Implications and Policy (October, 2008) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Market Developments and Issues (April, 2007) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Navigating the Financial Challenges Ahead (October, 2009) |
| IMF |
Global Financial Stability Report: Responding to the Financial Crisis and Measuring Systemic Risks (April, 2009) |
| IMF |
Public Information Notice: IMF Establishes an Exogenous Shocks Facility (December 8, 2005) |
| IMF |
Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board Agrees on Implementation Modalities for the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (December 8, 2005) |
| IMF |
Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board has Preliminary Discussions on Charges and Maturities (August 1, 2005) |
| IMF |
Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board Holds Follow Up Meeting on Public Investment and Fiscal Policy (May 27, 2005) |
| IMF |
Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board Reviews the Fund's Transparency Policy (August 15, 2005) |
| IMF |
Quarterly Update on the Special Data Dissemination Standard - Fourth Quarter 2002 (February 25, 2002) |
| IMF (Abbas, S. M. Ali et al.) |
The Role of Domestic Debt Markets in Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation for Low-Income Countries and Emerging Markets (June 1, 2007) |
| IMF (Agca, Senay et al.) |
How Does Public External Debt Affect Corporate Borrowing Costs In Emerging Markets? (December 1, 2009) |
| IMF (Aisen, A.; Hauner, D.) |
Budget Deficits and Interest Rates: A Fresh Perspective (February 1, 2008) |
| IMF (Baldacci, E.; Gupta, S.; Mati, A.) |
Is it (Still) Mostly Fiscal? Determinants of Sovereign Spreads in Emerging Markets (November 1, 2008) |
| IMF (Basci, E et al) |
On Fixed and Variable Fiscal Surplus Rules (July, 2004) |
| IMF (Berkmen, P.) |
Precautionary Monetary and Fiscal Policies (February, 2007) |
| IMF (Bolton, Patrick et al.) |
Structuring and Restructuring Sovereign Debt: The Role of a Bankruptcy Regime (August 1, 2007) |
| IMF (Boz, E.) |
Sovereign Default, Private Sector Creditors and the IFIs (March 1, 2009) |
| IMF (Cakir, S. and Raei, F.) |
Sukuk vs. Eurobonds: Is There a Difference in Value-at-Risk? (October 1, 2007) |
| IMF (Catao, Luis et al.) |
Missing Link: Volatility and the Debt Intolerance Paradox (March, 2004) |
| IMF (Cebotari, A.) |
Contingent Liabilities: Issues and Practice (October 1, 2008) |
| IMF (Clements, Benedict et al) |
External Debt, Public Investment and Growth in Low-Income Countries (December, 2003 ) |
| IMF (Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli et al.) |
Banking on the Principles: Compliance with Basel Core Principles and Bank Soundness (October 1, 2006) |
| IMF (Di Bella, G.) |
A Stochastic Framework for Public Debt Sustainability Analysis (March 1, 2008) |
| IMF (Feltenstein, Andrew et al) |
Can Good Events Lead to Bad Outcomes? Endogenous Banking Crises and Fiscal Policy Responses (November 1, 2006) |
| IMF (Freedman, Charles et al.) |
Fiscal Stimulus to the Rescue? Short-Run Benefits and Potential Long-Run Costs of Fiscal Deficits (November 1, 2009) |
| IMF (Gelos, R.G) |
Sovereign Borrowing by Developing Countries: What Determines Market Access? (November, 2004) |
| IMF (Gray, D. et al) |
A Risk-Based Debt Sustainability Framework: Incorporating Balance Sheets and Uncertainty (February 1, 2008) |
| IMF (Guscina, Anastasia) |
Impact of Macroeconomic, Political, and Institutional Factors on the Structure of Government Debt in Emerging Market Countries (August 1, 2008) |
| IMF (Hofmann, Boris et al) |
Default, Credit Growth, and Asset Prices (September 1, 2006) |
| IMF (Hostland, Doug and Philippe D. Karam) |
Specification of a Stochastic Simulation Model for Assessing Debt Sustainability in Emerging Market Economies (December 1, 2006) |
| IMF (Jahjah, Samir et al.) |
Exchange Rate Policy and Sovereign Bond Spreads in Developing Countries (November, 2004) |
| IMF (Jeanne, Olivier) |
Debt Maturity and the International Financial Architecture (July, 2004) |
| IMF (Khamfula, Yohane et al.) |
Donor Herding and Domestic Debt Crisis (April 1, 2006) |
| IMF (Kruger, Mark et al.) |
Sovereign Debt Defaults and Financing Needs (March, 2004) |
| IMF (Laeven, L.; Valencia, F.) |
Systemic Banking Crises: A New Database (September 1, 2008) |
| IMF (Leigh, Daniel et al) |
Natural-Resource Depletion, Habit Formation, and Sustainable Fiscal Policy: Lessons from Gabon (August 1, 2006) |
| IMF (Mandeng, O.J) |
Intercreditor Distribution in Sovereign Debt Restructuring (September, 2004) |
| IMF (Meredith, Guy) |
Debt Dynamics and Global Imbalances: Some Conventional Views Reconsidered (January 1, 2007) |
| IMF (Mitra, Srobona) |
Is the Quantity of Government Debt a Constraint for Monetary Policy? (March1, 2007) |
| IMF (Robinson, M.) |
Accrual Budgeting and Fiscal Policy (April 1, 2009) |
| IMF (Semmler, W. et al) |
Fiscal policy, public expenditure composition, and growth theory and empirics (November 20, 2007) |
| IMF (Trebesch, Christoph) |
The Cost of Aggressive Sovereign Debt Policies: How Much is the Private Sector Affected? (February 1, 2009) |
| IMF (Walker, W. and Punzi, M.) |
Financing of Global Imbalances (July 1, 2007) |
| IMF (Yartey, Charles A.) |
Financial Development, the Structure of Capital Markets, and the Global Digital Divide (November 1, 2006) |
| IMF(Arezki, Rabah et al.) |
International Commodity Price Shocks, Democracy, and External Debt (March, 2010) |
| Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) |
Tax Administration in OECD and Selected Non-OECD Countries: Comparative Information Series (2008) (January 28, 2009) |
| Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (de Michelis, A.) |
Overcoming the Financial Crisis in the United States (February 20, 2009) |
| Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Mold, A., et al.) |
Taking Stock of the Credit Crunch: Implications for Development Finance and Global Governance (March 30, 2009) |
| Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Parra, S.) |
Sovereign Debt Crises and Early Warning Indicators: The Role of the Primary Bond Market (February, 2009) |
| Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Prizzon, A.) |
The Fallout from the Financial Crisis (2): External Debt Sustainability Should More Be Done for the Poor? (December, 2008) |
| Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Reisen, H.) |
The Fallout from the Financial Crisis (1):Emerging Markets under Stress (December, 2008) |
| U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |
The World Factbook |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Development and Globalization: Facts and Figures (2004) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
The Least Developed Countries Report 2004: Linking International Trade with Poverty Reduction (2004) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
The Least Developed Countries Report 2007: Knowledge, Technological Learning, and Innovation for Development (2007) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Trade and Development Report 2002: Developing Countries in World Trade (2002) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Trade and Development Report 2003: Capital Accumulation, Growth and Structural Change (2003) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Trade and Development Report 2004: Policy Coherence, Development Strategies and Integration into the World Economy (2004) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Trade and Development Report 2005: New Features of Global Interdependence (2005) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Trade and Development Report 2006: Global Partnership and National Policies for Development (2006) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Trade and Development Report 2007: Regional Cooperation for Development (2007) |
| United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |
Trade and Development Report 2008: Commodity Prices, Capital Flows, and the Financing of Investment (2008) |
| United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
World Economic and Social Survey (2005) |
| United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2005 (2005) |
| United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2006 (2006) |
| United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2007 (2007) |
| United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2009 (2009) |
| United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) |
The Financial Crisis and is Impact on Developing Countries (January 18, 2009) |
| United Nations Millennium Project |
Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals (2005) |
| United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (Bangura, Y) |
Public Sector Restructuring: The Institutional and Social Effects of Fiscal, Managerial and Capacity-Building Reforms (February, 2000) |
| United Nations Statistics Division |
National Account Statistics |
| World Bank |
External Debt |
| World Bank |
Global Development Finance 2005: Mobilizing Finance and Managing Vulnerability (April, 2005) |
| World Bank |
Global Development Finance 2006: The Development Potential of Surging Capital Flows (2006) |
| World Bank |
Global Development Finance 2007: The Globalization of Corporate Finance in Developing Countries (2007) |
| World Bank |
Global Development Finance 2008: The Role of International Banking (2008) |
| World Bank |
Global Development Finance: External Debt of Developing Countries (2010) |
| World Bank |
World Bank Resesarch Digest (Winter 2009) |
| World Bank |
World Development Indicators (WDI) 2004 (2004) |
| World Bank |
World Development Indicators (WDI) 2005 (2005) |
| World Bank |
World Development Indicators (WDI) 2006 (2006) |
| World Bank |
World Development Indicators (WDI) 2007 (2007) |
| World Bank |
World Development Indicators (WDI) 2008 (2008) |
| World Bank |
World Development Indicators (WDI) 2008: Poverty Data (December 16, 2008) |
| World Bank |
World Development Indicators (WDI) 2009 (2009) |
| World Bank |
World Development Report 2009, Part I (2009) |
| World Bank |
World Development Report 2009, Part II (2009) |
| World Bank |
World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change (September 15, 2009) |
| World Bank |
World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change (2009) |
| World Bank (Calomiris, Charles W., et al.) |
A Taxonomy of Financial Crisis Resolution Mechanisms: Cross-Country Experience (August, 2004) |
| World Bank (da Silva, Luis Correia et al.) |
Is Debt Replacing Equity in Regulated Privatized Infrastructure in Developing Countries? (August, 2004) |
| World Bank (Demirguc-Kunt, A. and Levine, R.) |
Finance, financial sector policies, and long-run growth (January 1, 2008) |
| World Bank (Devarajan, S. et al) |
Aid, growth, and real exchange rate dynamics (January 16, 2008) |
| World Bank (Ghesquiere, F. and Mahul, O.) |
Sovereign natural disaster insurance for developing countries: a paradigm shift in catastrophe risk financing (September 10, 2007) |
| World Bank (Hanson, James A.) |
The Growth in Government Domestic Debt: Changing Burdens and Risks (September 1, 2007) |
| World Bank (Hostland, Doug) |
Low-Income Countries’ Access to Private Debt Markets (January 30, 2009) |
| World Bank (Liu, Lili et al.) |
Subnational Insolvency: Cross-Country Experiences and Lessons (January, 2008) |
| World Bank (Masson, Paul R.) |
The growing role of the euro in emerging market finance (November 9, 2007) |
| World Bank (Melecky, M.) |
Choosing the Currency Structure for Sovereign Debt: A Review of Current Approaches (June, 2007) |
| World Bank (Weber, Sebastian et al.) |
Exchange Rates During the Crisis (September 01, 2009) |
| World Bank (Yeyati, E. et al) |
Emerging market liquidity and crises (December 13, 2007) |
| World Bank and IFC (Djankov, S. et al.) |
Debt Enforcement Around the World (December, 2006) |
| World Trade Organization (Low, P. et al) |
World Trade Report 2007 (2007) |
